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| c. 1050 |
| | | The concept of movable type for printing is pioneered in China, using fired clay, but it proves impractical | |
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| c. 1050 |
| | | The rulers of Baghdad harness homing pigeons as postmen. | |
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| c. 1050 |
| | | The earliest surviving reference to the principle of the compass occurs in a Chinese manuscript | |
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| 1064 |
| | | Su Sung, a Buddhist monk, develops in China the principle of the escapement in his tower clock worked by a water wheel | |
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| 1176 |
| | | Construction begins on London Bridge, the first stone bridge to be built across a tidal waterway | |
|  | 'Old London Bridge 1745', watercolour by Dodd
Guildhall Library
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| c. 1200 |
| | | The Chinese develop a feature of great significance in the history of seafaring - a sternpost rudder which is an integral part of the ship | |
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| 1268 |
| | | The first mention of a lens occurs in a manuscript by Roger Bacon, to be soon followed by the invention of spectacles | |
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| 1364 |
| | | A great clock is completed in Padua, regulated mechanically by foliot and escapement | |
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| c. 1380 |
| | | Koreans establish the first type foundry, casting movable type in bronze | |
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| c. 1380 |
| | | With the development of clocks, the hour becomes a fixed period of time - one twenty-fourth part of the day | |
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